Smaller shippers, with less-than-containerload (LCL) shipments, can take advantage of the lower costs associated with being a big shipper. Non-vessel operating common carriers (NVOCCs) book space on steamships in large quantities at lower rates and sell space to shippers in smaller amounts.  More favorable rates are passed on to the shipper.  NVOCCs operate as carriers and should be evaluated by applying the same service, price, and delivery standards.